Innovation in the production of ecological biodispersants: co-cultivation of Serratia marcescens and Tetradesmus obliquus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782342Palavras-chave:
biossurfactante; co-cultivo; bactéria; microalga; biorremediação de petroderivados.Resumo
Fermentações mistas com bactérias e microalgas vêm sendo usadas com sucesso para aumentar a produção de biomassa e metabólitos. Entretanto, essa estratégia ainda não foi explorada para produzir biodispersantes – biomoléculas com potencial de utilização na biorremediação de petroderivados. Diante disso, investigamos a produção de biossurfactante por meio do co-cultivo de Serratia marcescens e Tetradesmus obliquus e sua aplicação como biodispersante. A biomolécula foi isolada por precipitação ácida e submetida a caracterização preliminar, testes de estabilidade e fitotoxicidade e aplicação na remoção de óleo de motor queimado de conchas de moluscos. Quando cultivada sozinha, a S. marcescens apresentou tensão superficial de 27,4 mN/m e área de deslocamento de óleo de 34,54 cm2, e quando cultivada com T. obliquus, apresentou 26,6 mN/m e 50,24 cm2, respectivamente. Além disso, foram verificados excelentes resultados de tensão interfacial (1,0 mN/m) e índice de emulsificação (96%) no cultivo misto. O rendimento do biossurfactante foi 1,75 g/L, e apresentou natureza aniônica e lipopeptídica, bem como estabilidade em pH alcalino e em ampla faixa de temperatura e salinidade. Além disso, demonstrou ser atóxico frente a sementes de pepino (Cucumis sativus) e alface (Lactuca sativa) e mostrou 100% de eficiência na lavagem de conchas de moluscos impregnadas com óleo de motor queimado. Assim, o co-cultivo de S. marcescens e T. obliquus representa uma tecnologia inovadora e sustentável para produção de biodispersante com vistas à aplicação em biorremediação de ambientes contaminados com petroderivados.
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