Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais

Education for sustainable development in teacher education: challenges, gaps, and transformative perspectives

Josiane Aparecida Gomes-Figueiredo, Janete do Rosário Amaro Crisanto — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 -0300

This article critically examines Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within teacher education, considering its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals. Adopting a theoretical-critical approach, this study is based on a critical narrative review of national and international publications from 2015 to 2024, combined with thematic analysis. Forty-two works were selected from databases including Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal interrelated gaps across multiple dimensions that hinder the effective implementation of ESD. Conceptually, an anthropocentric and economistic bias predominates, accompanied by a lack of epistemological reflection on alternative frameworks such as planetary health. In the pedagogical dimension, behaviorist approaches emphasize individual actions without critically addressing socioeconomic structures, thereby weakening interdisciplinarity. Institutionally, resistance persists toward breaking with rigid disciplinary curricula, alongside insufficient support for transdisciplinary practices. Politically, the study identifies a disconnect between Brazil’s National Common Curricular Base (Base Nacional Comum Curricular — BNCC) and the effective integration of environmental themes, as well as the hegemony of a competency-based neoliberal logic that depoliticizes education. These gaps are particularly evident in teacher education, which lacks robust curricular components and adequate professional development opportunities. Critical environmental education emerges as a transformative perspective by fostering ecological awareness and socio-environmental justice. The study concludes that overcoming these challenges requires strengthening critical, interdisciplinary, and territorially contextualized training practices that integrate scientific, social, and ethical-political knowledge, thereby preparing educators to transform the structures that perpetuate the socio-environmental crisis.

Transdisciplinary Praxis in the construction of an environmental rationality

André Vinícius Freire Baleeiro, Agustina Rosa Echeverría — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

What are the obstacles to sustainability? The answer largely hinges on understanding the nature of existence, the relationship between society and nature, and the focus on certain metabolic functions given by the capitalist economy. A new environmental rationality must think and act differently from the current hegemonic rationality. To this end, it will be necessary to mediate processes of dialogue and conflict among interdisciplinary, intercultural, and inter-ontological knowledge, in which different subjects need to make decisions and act in reality. This paper addresses the theoretical formulation and some results of a research project that follows three socio-environmental ventures in the three sectors of the economy to design how this Transdisciplinary Praxis would take place. Action-reflection for the construction of a Circular and Solidarity Bioeconomy.

Positive matrix factorization used to identify PM2.5 and PM10 sources in southern Brazilian cities

Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the main air pollutants found suspended in the atmosphere, and is composed of a mixture of chemical elements of natural and anthropogenic origin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model to identify the sources of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations, the data for which were collected and chemically quantified through secondary studies. The Enrichment Factor (EF) was calculated to analyze the degree of anthropogenic influence on the chemical enrichment of the particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) was used to identify the atmospheric transport of particles based on the trajectory of air masses. Emissions were identified as having primarily vehicular, industrial, and natural origins. The results confirm the chemical enrichment in the analyzed PM concentrations and indicate a strong relationship between the fine and coarse fractions. The identification of sources indicated that the presence of the metallic variables Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zi in the PM are of anthropic origin, and present strong enrichment, while that of Fe and Mn are of natural origin, with a low degree of enrichment. The relevance of this research lies in its ability to provide precise technical support for air quality management. By identifying and quantifying human influence on atmospheric chemistry, the study offers fundamental data for the formulation of public policies to control emissions and mitigate risks to the respiratory health of the population.

From source to mouth: an integrated assessment of microplastics in the Sinos River, Southern Brazil, using SEM-EDS analysis and atmospheric modeling

Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Plastic waste is one of the main causes of the deterioration of freshwater ecosystems. Once in the environment, microplastics (MPs) have harmful effects on living organisms and pose risks to human health. This study used an integrated approach to assess the presence of microplastics in surface water and sediment samples from three sites along the Sinos River in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed for characterization, and a Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was proposed to understand atmospheric influences. Microplastics were found in all samples and sites, including the river’s source. Fibers were predominant, and particle sizes ranged from 67 μm to 4.2 mm. A total of 109 particles were recovered from the water samples (12±4 L^-1 particles), and 21 from the sediment samples (2±2 100 g^-1 particles). SEM analysis revealed surface cracking, and EDS confirmed the prevalence of carbon and oxygen in the particles. Based on the atmospheric model, the trajectories of air masses prior to sampling at the highest site demonstrate that MPs can be transported from other locations. Our study reports microplastic contamination in Caraá for the first time, provides insights for future studies on the atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in countryside regions, and highlights the urgent need to include these pollutants in environmental quality assessments of this important hydrographic basin.

Long-term trends in heatwave in the São Paulo megacity using the excess heat factor

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Extreme weather events have been reported more frequently, with heatwaves being responsible for thousands of deaths around the world every year. The Excess Heat Factor (EHF) is an indicator developed to identify and classify heatwaves according to their severity, based on two indices, significance and acclimatization, which refer to how hot a three-day period was in relation to a historical reference and the past thirty days, respectively. Adaptable for each region, the EHF allows the separation of events into moderate, severe, and extreme. This metric was used in the present study to identify and characterize heatwaves in the megacity of São Paulo between 1936 and 2023. The historical reference was defined as 1961-1990, the official normal period defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The results showed that approximately 75% of the severe or extreme events occurred during summer, revealing that severe and extreme heatwaves are not restricted to the typical warmest season. According to the EHF metrics, the city of São Paulo experienced 84 severe heatwave events, with some lasting over 20 days. Only 4 extreme events were registered: one in 1972, one in 2020, and two in 2023. The November 2023 extreme heatwave was the strongest ever registered in São Paulo. Positive and significant (p=0.05) historical trends were found for the number of heatwave events and also for maximum severity and the duration of the events, and as a consequence for the thermal load, especially after the 1970s.

Nitrate in drinking water in rural communities in Goiás, Brazil

Ana Carolina Borges Ramos, Paulo Sérgio Scalize — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, yet rural communities often face challenges related to nitrate contamination, posing risks to public health. This study assessed the presence of nitrate and health risks in 24 rural communities in the state of Goiás, Brazil. A total of 158 water samples from surface and groundwater sources were analyzed to determine nitrate concentrations, Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI). Nitrate was detected in 60.1% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from non-detectable to 11.6 mg/L, with the highest levels having being observed in shallow wells. Although mean HQ and HI values remained below 1.0, maximum values exceeding this threshold were recorded in hand-dug and shallow tube wells, indicating increased health risk. Communities relying on individual water supply solutions and characterized by inadequate sanitation infrastructure exhibited the poorest indices. Rudimentary pit latrines were present in 70.8% of the communities, and 29.2% had distances shorter than 45 m between latrines and water abstraction points, increasing the potential for cross-contamination. Animal excreta in household yards were identified in 16 communities, further exacerbating water vulnerability. The poorest results were associated with the use of wells as the primary water source, with a predominance of shallow hand-dug wells in Lageado (11 of 13 samples) and shallow tube wells in Olhos d’Água. Overall, the findings indicate a higher risk of nitrate contamination in individual water supply systems, particularly in rural settlements and where pit latrines are located near abstraction points. In contrast, surface water sources and collective supply systems showed lower nitrate concentrations, below health risk thresholds, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring — especially in communities with HI>1.0 — and for the implementation of preventive and educational measures.

Spatial-temporal analysis of the landscape structure surrounding Cerrado conservation units without a buffer zone

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

This study evaluated the landscape structure surrounding strictly protected conservation units (CUs) in the Cerrado biome that lack designated buffer zones, in comparison with landscapes outside these units across spatial and temporal scales. For the spatial analysis, 18 fully encompassed Cerrado CUs and 18 randomly selected external points within the biome were assessed for the year 2022. For temporal analysis, 9 CUs and 9 random points were analyzed for the years 2010 and 2022. In all cases, 10-km buffers were delineated, and land use as well as land cover maps were generated. Landscape structure was quantified using percentage of class (PLAND), edge density (ED), and effective mesh size (MESH) metrics. Comparisons within groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney, Student’s t, and Wilcoxon tests. In the spatial analysis, areas surrounding CUs exhibited a low proportion of Cerrado cover (median≈29.8%) and did not differ significantly from external areas in PLAND or MESH. However, they presented significantly higher ED values, indicating greater fragmentation and increased exposure to edge effects around the CUs. In the temporal analysis, PLAND and MESH did not differ significantly between 2010 and 2022, whereas ED increased across all landscapes, reflecting the intensified fragmentation occurring near the CUs over time. These results demonstrate that the CUs are embedded in landscape contexts that are structurally unfavorable for conservation, and suggest that the absence of buffer zones, coupled with weakened legal instruments, may perpetuate and aggravate this situation.

Sustainable budget: a critical analysis of the budget management of Paragominas-PA (Brazil) in relation to the SDGs

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The study critically analyzes the budget management of the municipality of Paragominas-PA between the years of 2013 and 2023, verifying its alignment with the UN 2030 Agenda and its national adaptation, the SDG Brazil Agenda, focusing on fiscal, social, and environmental sustainability. The key issue lies in the inconsistency between the institutional discourse of sustainability and the effective execution of public resources. The objective of the research was to measure budgetary performance and identify gaps that compromise the effectiveness of municipal policies. Methodologically, a documentary and comparative analysis of secondary data from SICONFI, RREO, and the Pará Sustainable Development Index (IDSPA) was carried out, allowing for an assessment of the degree of integration between municipal actions and the SDG goals. The results indicate that, although 86.7% of the budget was executed, R$ 1.09 billion was not invested in priority areas such as health, sanitation, and environmental management. Challenges related to low institutional capacity and the fragmentation of public policies persist. It is concluded that progress toward local sustainability depends on innovation in budgetary governance and the consolidation of integrated planning and monitoring mechanisms.

Climate, social vulnerability, and dengue occurrence in Pernambuco, Brazil

Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Dengue remains one of the main public health challenges in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between rainfall and dengue incidence in the state of Pernambuco, as well as to understand how socioeconomic indicators explain the heterogeneity of the disease’s seasonal risk. Historical rainfall series from the National Institute of Meteorology (1961–2024), dengue notifications from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (2007–2024), and basic sanitation and Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) indicators from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2010–2022) were used for municipalities in the Sertão, Agreste, and the Metropolitan Region of Recife. Climatology and mean values were calculated to characterize seasonality, and Poisson regression was applied to estimate climatic effects and simulate scenarios with rainfall increases of 10, 50, 100, and 200 mm. Rainfall was identified as the main trigger, with lags of one to three months. No trends were observed in the time series; however, the frequency of notifications increased after 2014. The model indicated that monthly increases of 50 mm raised cases by 56%, and 100 mm by 113%, particularly in Recife. The Sertão and Agreste regions, with lower MHDI and insufficient sanitation, showed higher risks; in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, unequal urbanization sustained elevated levels. In the absence of effective sanitation policies and under irregular rainfall patterns, outbreaks tend to evolve into regional epidemics. An integrated approach is recommended, including investments in water supply, sewage, and solid waste management, health education, entomological surveillance, climate monitoring, and preventive actions during the rainy season.

Territorial adaptation in peri-urban areas and analytical perspectives on the Sustainable Development Goals in light of the literature

Cristiane Criscibene Pantaleão, Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi Cortese — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The study aimed to map and analyze the main theoretical frameworks on climate change, extreme climate events, climate mitigation and adaptation, peri-urban areas, and nature-based solutions with a focus on examining how these themes are related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 and 13. In conducting this mapping, the study sought to gather and synthesize existing knowledge, highlighting key gaps and trends found in the literature. The research adopted a qualitative approach, characterizing itself as a theoretical and analytical study based on a literature review, whose data analysis was conducted using the content analysis technique proposed by Laurence Bardin (2016), with support from the ATLAS.ti software. The originality of the work lies in investigating how themes associated with the SDGs have been addressed in the international literature, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the area. The results indicate that, although most articles examine the SDGs, their engagement tends to lack depth; furthermore, SDGs 11 and 13 appear with low incidence, and are generally linked to discussions about climate change, mitigation, and adaptation. From a theoretical and methodological point of view, the research offers insights to guide future studies and evaluate the presence of the SDGs, especially SDGs 11 and 13, in global urban climate actions, including the incorporation of technologies such as artificial intelligence in data analysis. From a social and environmental perspective, the investigation highlights an alignment between local perceptions and broader climate trends, reinforcing the relevance of local knowledge and the articulation between science, public policies, and community actions.

Biological treatment of hospital and textile wastewaters using laccase-rich crude extracts from Trametes villosa

Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Hospital and textile wastewater represent distinct sources of environmental contamination, characterized by complex mixtures of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and phenolic compounds. Widespread use, inadequate disposal, and the limited efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment processes have led to the accumulation of these micropollutants in aquatic environments. The structural complexity of these effluents poses a significant challenge to standardizing effective wastewater treatment methodologies. Oxidative enzymes, such as laccases, have emerged as potential tools for effluent remediation, improving water quality and reducing contamination. This study evaluated the application of an enzyme extract containing laccases produced by Trametes villosa for the treatment of hospital and textile wastewater. Analysis of hospital effluent samples by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry showed a significant reduction in antibiotic concentrations (97% for pyrazinamide, 74% for rifampicin, 66% for sulfamethoxazole, and 64% for trimethoprim) after enzymatic treatment compared with the control. Phenolic compounds were reduced by 64% in hospital effluents and by 98% in textile effluents. The chemical oxygen demand increased after enzymatic treatment in the hospital sample, while only a slight reduction was observed in the textile sample. The textile effluent treated with 1,000 U L-1 of laccase showed an 18% decrease in the visible spectral region and a 23% reduction in the maximum absorbance peak. In the phytotoxicity test with Lactuca sativa, effluents reduced seed growth, and enzymatic treatment reduced their toxicity. Thus, enzymatic treatment showed promising results as a sustainable strategy for treating hospital and textile wastewater.

Valorization of tilapia processing waste for sustainable production of fungal lipopeptide biosurfactant

Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The aquaculture industry generates a significant amount of organic waste, particularly from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) processing. Among these residues, tilapia viscera stand out for their high protein and lipid content, representing a promising but still underexplored resource for biotechnological applications. In this context, this study investigated the use of tilapia viscera broth (TVB) as a low-cost, renewable substrate for biosurfactant production by Penicillium rubens UCP 1213, aiming to contribute to the fish waste valorization. A 2² full-factorial design was applied to evaluate the effects of TVB and post-frying soybean oil (PFSO) as a component of the culture medium for biosurfactant production. The best results were achieved with 9% TVB and 3% PFSO, reducing surface and interfacial tensions to 35.68 and 6.4 mN/m, respectively. The biosurfactant was recovered by acid precipitation (1.36 g/L); its anionic profile was confirmed by zeta potential measurement, while preliminary compositional and spectroscopic analyses indicated a predominantly lipopeptide nature. Phytotoxicity assays showed no evidence of toxic effects on onion seed germination, indicating preliminary environmental safety. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using tilapia viscera as a renewable substrate for the sustainable production of fungal biosurfactant, reinforcing circular economy practices and contributing to waste mitigation in aquaculture. The results highlight the potential of this waste-derived lipopeptide and support further process optimization and broader toxicological evaluation for industrial and agricultural applications.

Theoretical framework of the textile industry’s reverse supply chain

Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Population growth has increased consumption rates to levels that threaten the availability of natural resources, affecting all sectors— including the textile industry, which accounts for approximately 80 billion new clothing items consumed globally each year and a production volume of 100 billion garments annually, of which 33% are discarded within the first year of purchase. In Brazil, textile waste generation amounts to approximately 170 thousand tons per year, drawing significant attention to the waste produced by this industry. Thus, this study maps the literature on the stakeholders involved in the textile industry’s reverse supply chain (RSC) and identifies sustainable practices that strengthen this process. The aim is to propose a framework that represents this part of the textile supply chain. The analysis identified and categorized 82 stakeholders into 24 categories, 16 of which focused on RSC, highlighting their roles, interrelationships, and impacts on RSC effectiveness. The research also identified 97 RSC additional components, mostly focused on recycling materials and manufacturing new products. The results indicate that collaboration among stakeholders is essential to boost the circular economy (CE) in the sector, although challenges such as a lack of financial incentives, inadequate regulation, and low consumer awareness still hinder the expansion of this system. The main contributions include structuring RSC, identifying stakeholders, and providing a framework based on the state of the art. The study reinforces the importance of developing public and business policies to consolidate a more sustainable textile sector.

The path towards reversing the red: The mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella amonilioides highly contributes to the Cattleya intermedia (Orchidaceae) translocation success

Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Orchids are a key functional group in forest environments that require obligate symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi at least during the early stages of development. The present study investigated whether Cattleya intermedia derived from asymbiotic in vitro propagation establishes symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi after translocation to the wild, and whether this relationship varies along the vertical gradient of phorophytes. Fungi were isolated from plant roots four years after translocation to the trunk and canopy of phorophytes in a subtropical forest in Brazil. The orchid–fungus specificity pattern observed in translocated seedlings and adult plants resembled those reported in the literature for wild seedlings and adult individuals of species in the same environment, revealing the presence of C. intermedia mycorrhizal fungi (CiMF) and non-CiMF endophytes of various morphotypes. Isolated CiMF promoted seed germination and in vitro seedling development, with 14 isolates obtained from orchids translocated to the canopy and eight from those on the trunk. Plants in symbiosis with canopyderived CiMF produced a greater number of leaves compared to those associated with trunk-derived CiMF. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region sequences indicated that CiMF belong to Tulasnellaceae, with 21 isolates identified as Tulasnella amonilioides, a species also found in symbiosis with wild C. intermedia in this environment. The prospecting of compatible mycorrhizal fungi enabled the isolation of new strains, effective for the symbiotic propagation of orchids and contributing to the conservation of C. intermedia.

Modelling of the water quality index of the São Francisco River Integrating Project using Minimum Spanning Tree and SKATER algorithm

Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

This study modeled the water quality index in the East and North Axis of the São Francisco River Integration Project (PISF) using the statistical tools Minimum Spanning Tree and SKATER algorithm. This study is justified by presenting, for the first time, a historical series over 13 years, considering water quality data from the hydrographic basins included in the two axes of the transposition, between 2009 and 2022, showing the spatial-temporal evolution of water quality indices during this period. The spatial variation identified in each axis is useful for establishing sustainable management and planning programs for the water bodies under study. In both the North and East Axes, the WQI of the basins ranged from Excellent to Poor during the study period. It is noteworthy that the best WQI corresponded to the São Francisco River Basin, as it is the water-donating basin. It is noteworthy that no sampling points classified as Very Poor were recorded in either the North or East Axis during the study period. The findings highlighted that the use of WQI, associated with statistics and spatial modeling techniques was efficient to define that the waters of the studied sampling points were suitable for multiple uses, however, considering that they are located in the semi-arid region, it is necessary to intensify management actions in these basins, as climate change related issues could affect water quality in the future.

Sustainable use of bottle gourd residue combined with vermicompost and vermiculite in lettuce production

Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The use of agro-industrial residues as agricultural inputs represents a sustainable alternative to reduce environmental impacts and promote circular economy. We evaluated the potential of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl) residue at different proportions and particle sizes, combined with vermicompost and vermiculite, as a component of substrates for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Veneranda seedling and plant production. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the substrates containing bottle gourd residue, vermiculite, vermicompost, and a commercial substrate. One experiment evaluated seedling production and the other evaluated lettuce production. In both experiments, treatment T7 (20% bottle gourd residue, 0.5 cm particle size + 80% vermicompost) resulted in superior plant growth and better root ball stability. From an environmental perspective, considering the bulk density of bottle gourd residue (0.24 g cm-3), incorporation reached 30–120 g per pot (2.5 L) and up to 48 kg m-3 of substrate, partially replacing conventional inputs with high energy demand such as vermiculite, perlite, and pine bark. These indicators highlight the potential of residue reuse to reduce waste, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and promote more resilient agricultural systems. Therefore, bottle gourd residue emerges as an environmentally sound and agronomically efficient alternative, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12 and 13).

Waste-derived hydrogels for pharmaceutical effluent treatment: a review of synthesis, modification, applications, and future perspectives

Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface water is a growing environmental concern due to their persistence and potential ecotoxicological impacts. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fail to effectively remove these contaminants, prompting research into innovative remediation technologies. In this context, hydrogels synthesized from agricultural and industrial residues have emerged as promising materials for the selective adsorption of pharmaceuticals. This systematic review addresses recent advancements in the synthesis and modification of waste-derived hydrogels, emphasizing their physicochemical properties, adsorption mechanisms, and removal efficiencies. The analysis reveals that, despite the abundance of research on the utilization of residual biomass, targeted applications for pharmaceutical removal are still limited. In terms of performance, waste-based hydrogels demonstrate high adsorption capacities. The predominant mechanisms are electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions. In conclusion, waste valorization significantly contributes to mitigating pharmaceutical pollution.

Impacts of biomass burning smoke in clouds and rainfall in southern Brazil

Fabiana Cruz de Araújo, Renato Ramos da Silva — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Biomass burning aerosols can spread over vast areas of South America. Recent findings indicate that the presence of these types of aerosols tend to affect cloud formation and rainfall. This research aimed to study the impacts of smoke aerosol emissions in southern Brazil, due to prolonged drought and dry events in the region. Initially, data on aerosol optical depth, precipitation, and clouds were collected to assess the influence of aerosols on the evolution of these meteorological processes. The data analysis focused on the study of the dry season in southern South America, which spans August, September, and October through the years of 2002 to 2022. Results obtained using the HYSPLIT model showed that black carbon transport during the study period originates from regions such as Paraguay, the Brazilian Midwest, and southern Amazonia. Monthly data analysis for the period of 2002 to 2022 revealed a negative Pearson correlation for August-September- October, respectively: -0.44, -0.35 and -0.37 between the aerosol optical depth (AOD) particles and precipitation; and -0.27, -0.39 and -0.22 between AOD and cloud formation. For Spearman correlations were obtained: -0.43, -0.29 and -0.21 between the aerosol optical depth (AOD) particles and precipitation; and -0.11, -0.26 and -0.23 between AOD and cloud formation. Although the results indicate a weak negative correlation, these results point to positive feedback where aerosols can negatively affect the formation of clouds and rain, causing dry periods with a greater probability of fires and smoke.

Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of municipal solid waste landfill leachate in the Brazilian semiarid region

Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The monitoring of landfill leachate in the Brazilian semiarid region has traditionally been based on physicochemical parameters which, although essential, were insufficient to determine effluent toxicity and to predict complex biological risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate leachate toxicity through bioassays using Allium cepa (A. cepa). The methodology comprised physicochemical characterization (organic and inorganic parameters and metals) and toxicity bioassays with A. cepa using an in natura leachate sample. The phytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of the effluent were assessed at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 15, and 100%), employing control samples (positive and negative) for comparison. The results revealed an alkaline effluent with high organic loads and the presence of metals such as chromium. Biologically, the 1% concentration induced a stimulatory effect on root growth, whereas concentrations above 15% were highly phytotoxic. However, the key contribution lies in the finding that genotoxicity was observed at all concentrations, including those without apparent phytotoxic effects, and mutagenicity was detected from 10% onward. These findings establish a new analytical perspective by demonstrating that the absence of acute phytotoxicity does not ensure cellular integrity, revealing a disconnect between positive root growth and the occurrence of underlying genetic damage induced by the leachate. The climatic dynamics of the semiarid region exacerbate leachate toxicity, highlighting that the inclusion of genetic indicators in regulatory frameworks to address gaps that isolated physicochemical analyses cannot predict is urgent.

Artisanal fishing in a quilombola community in Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil: impacts, challenges, and future perspectives

Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Artisanal fishing remains essential for many traditional communities along the coastline of Brazil; however, environmental damage has depleted fish stocks and made working conditions difficult in some regions. As a result, fewer young people are interested in continuing this tradition. This study looks at how fishing is practiced in Santiago do Iguape, a quilombola community in Recôncavo Baiano, analyzing both the current situation and the challenges fishermen face by applying an ethicist-emicist perspective. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews conducted with 104 fishers recruited through the snowball sampling method until theoretical saturation was achieved. This approach was supplemented by field observations and an online questionnaire targeting community youth. The findings reveal that the growth of large enterprises, chemical waste pollution, and ongoing ecosystem degradation have intensified current challenges. While 75% of young individuals have experience in fishing, a substantial number are discouraged from entering the field due to economic uncertainty, adverse working conditions, and limited resources. Despite the sociocultural legacy valued by the community, the risk of diminishing traditional knowledge transfer remains significant. As such, securing legal rights and government protection is imperative to enhance both economic and environmental outcomes and to promote the continued practice of artisanal fishing.

Plastics and climate change: an overview of two connected global problems

Sat, 11 Apr 2026 00:00:00 -0300

This study presents an overview of how plastics and climate change represents two interconnected global problems. Through an interpretive overview of studies retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases, we aimed to identify commonalities among the topics through an integrative approach. Initially, we showed that fossil fuels are the primary raw material for plastic production and that the largest emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG) are also the largest producers of plastics. Projections indicate that plastics will account for 20% of global oil consumption by 2050. However, while their production is still modest, bioplastics and recycled plastics are increasing. Secondly, we examined GHG emissions throughout the lifecycle of the plastic, noting that the initial stages account for more than 60% of emissions. We also explored how plastic pollution, by interfering with ocean dynamics, is related to climate change, as well as the consequences of these two problems for marine ecology, the economy, and human health. Finally, we highlighted the global regulatory aspects of plastic use, often overlooked, and future prospects for ending plastic pollution and reducing GHG emissions. Thus, by integrating these two global problems, we seek to demonstrate that, in order to combat both crises, they can no longer be treated separately.

Enzyme production by Trichoderma koningiopsis in an airlift bioreactor: potential for sustainable and circular bioproducts

Sat, 11 Apr 2026 00:00:00 -0300

A crescente necessidade de soluções sustentáveis e o avanço da economia circular destacam a busca por processos mais eficientes e de menor impacto ambiental. Nesse contexto, este estudo investigou a produção de um extrato fúngico rico em enzimas, obtido de Trichoderma koningiopsis, espécie conhecida por sua elevada capacidade de excreção de enzimas e amplamente explorada em pesquisas científicas com foco em aplicações agronômicas e ambientais. O extrato fúngico rico em enzimas foi obtido por meio de fermentação submersa em meio de cultura quimicamente definido, em biorreator Airlift, com amostras coletadas em 24 e 48 horas para análise posterior da atividade enzimática. As enzimas amilase, celulase, lacase, protease, lipase, ascorbato peroxidase, catalase, superóxido dismutase e peroxidase foram avaliadas, com resultados notáveis observados nas primeiras 24 horas de fermentação: amilase (209,55 U/mL), celulase (23,34 U/mL), protease (139,77 U/mL), peroxidase (609,55 U/mL), catalase (3.598,82 U/mL), superóxido dismutase (333,51 U/mL) e ascorbato peroxidase (53,34 U/mL). A atividade enzimática (U/mL) foi o parâmetro principal, e a atividade específica (U/mg de proteína) foi calculada adicionalmente para auxiliar na avaliação da pureza. Esses resultados demonstram um extrato fúngico rico em enzimas, com alto potencial biotecnológico, oferecendo purificação e aplicações futuras em setores como bioprocessos, biorremediação e outras soluções ambientais, contribuindo, assim, para estratégias sustentáveis de economia circular e apoiando o desenvolvimento futuro de formulações à base de biocompósitos.

Constructed wetlands in cold-climate regions: performance, challenges, and opportunities: a review

Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Untreated wastewater discharges into polluted bodies of water jeopardize the availability of water for human consumption. For that reason, constructed wetlands (CWs) are a sustainable and ecological technology commonly used in marginalized communities as an alternative wastewater treatment method, with low installation and maintenance costs. CWs use endemic vegetation for wastewater treatment, similarly to natural wetlands. Pollutants are removed from wastewater through biological, physical, or chemical processes. Additionally, CWs include deep wells, filter medium, and macrophytes. The radicular system of macrophytes decreases pollutant concentration by interacting with microorganisms associated with their roots. Macrophytes are especially important to CWs because they transport oxygen. For this reason, this review outlines the current state of CW technology and its operational challenges under extreme climate conditions, such as cold weather or winter. The operational conditions of CW systems are analyzed, mainly design modifications, macrophyte selection, and environmental conditions. The analysis is based on case studies and the background of CW systems installed in cold-climate regions or operating during the cold season. The review analysis was conducted using “Methodi Ordinatio”, which systematically analyzes the information with a specific purpose. Overall, CW systems operating in cold climates are an effective, sustainable, and adaptable technology for wastewater treatment. Effective modifications, such as design adaptations, plant species, and CW type, are essential to optimal operation and to maximize their efficiency.

Water quality of public springs and population perception in Pinheiral, RJ, Brazil

Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The consumption of spring water contributes to meeting population demands and is essential in the context of water scarcity, as well as the proper maintenance of human well-being and environmental sustainability. Given the importance of information availability for the adoption of effective water resource management actions, this study aimed to analyse the water quality of public springs in the municipality of Pinheiral, RJ, based on potability standards and the perception of the local population. Water potability was determined through the analysis of the following parameters: pH, turbidity, colour, total Mn, total Fe, NO₃-, and thermotolerant coliforms, in water samples collected at four time points: summer (March 2021), autumn (June 2021), winter (September 2021), and spring (December 2021). To capture the perception of spring users, interviews were conducted using a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions. The results showed that all five springs evaluated failed to comply with legislative standards in at least one sampling period and for at least one of the following parameters: pH, turbidity, colour, total Mn, total Fe, NO₃⁻, and thermotolerant coliforms. Regarding consumption, 83% of respondents reported consuming spring water, motivated by their perception of good water quality and favourable organoleptic characteristics. This perception of quality leads to the non-adoption of hygiene practices during water collection, storage, and consumption. Out of the overall survey respondents, 28.1% reported that they do not wash the container where they collect the water, and 30.2% wash it only with water. Regarding consumption practices, none of the respondents reported boiling the water, and only 45.8% reported always filtering it prior to consumption. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that water from the analysed springs does not meet the limits established by potability standards and may therefore pose health risks to consumers.

Sublethal doses of Eucalyptus benthamii essential oil induce overcompensatory responses in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Managing mosquito populations remains the most effective approach to mitigating arbovirus transmission. However, stressor-induced mortality under determined conditions can trigger compensatory or overcompensatory effects in adult mosquito characteristics (total biomass, individual size). In this study, we evaluated the role of Eucalyptus benthamii essential oil as a stressor on Aedes aegyptilarvae, investigating its effects on larval development, adult size, longevity, and overall adult emergence. First-instar A. aegypti larvae were subjected to essential oil concentrations of 8.5 (LD50) and 18.5 ppm (LD90) in controlled laboratory conditions. We assessed pupal mortality, the proportion of pupae that successfully transitioned to adulthood, adult longevity (in days), larval growth rates, wing length, and overall larval mortality. The results revealed that the interaction between time and treatment had a significant effect on larval mortality. Although the essential oil concentration did not affect the number of larvae reaching adulthood, adult longevity and larval development time were notably extended under LD90 and LD50 concentration, respectively. Larval mortality rates were highest during the first week of exposure to the LD90 treatment. Furthermore, males and females produced in microcosms with LD50 and LD90 had significantly larger wings than in the control. These findings suggest that sublethal doses of E. benthamii essential oil may enhance certain adult A. aegypti population characteristics through overcompensatory mortality.

Eastern Amazon State Councils of Water Resources: assessment of fragilities and proposition of the REPARE strategy for strengthening representation, participation, and representativeness

Jaqueline Maria Soares da Silva, Altem Nascimento Pontes — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The effectiveness of the State Councils of Water Resources (CERHs) depends on the legitimacy of representation and the capacity to promote participation and representativeness in water governance. In the Eastern Amazon, this structure faces specific challenges arising from territorial and institutional inequalities that hinder democratic functioning within these collegiate bodies. This study aimed to identify the fragilities that compromise the representation, participation, and representativeness of the CERHs in the Eastern Amazon and to propose strategies for their strengthening. The research employed a qualitative approach, of the descriptive and exploratory kind, based on an extensive documentary survey conducted through the institutional websites of water resources management agencies in five states (Amapá, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins). Fifteen variables were grouped into three analytical categories—representation, participation, and representativeness—from which a situational overview of the five Councils was constructed. The results revealed fifteen recurrent structural fragilities, including the absence of parity among sectors, low participation among women and traditional peoples and communities, limited dialogue between representatives and those represented, and scarce or inaccessible information. A methodological instrument called the “REPARE Strategy” (Representation, Participation and Representativeness) was developed in order to propose institutional and normative mechanisms to improve water governance in the Eastern Amazon.

Water, health, and rights: challenges of drinking water and sanitation for indigenous communities in Tocantins, Brazil

Valcir Sumekwa Xerente, Liliana Pena Naval — Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Indigenous communities in Brazil, particularly in the state of Tocantins (Brazilian Legal Amazon), continue to face persistent challenges regarding water security and sanitation. Historically marginalized by colonial structures and state policies, these populations experience unequal access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation services, undermining health, cultural practices, and environmental justice. This study analyzes the implementation and effectiveness of water supply and sanitation policies targeting Indigenous peoples, with an emphasis on the National Indigenous Peoples Health Policy (PNASPI). The methodology adopted combined a systematic review of literature, national legislation, and health policy documents with the analysis of sanitation infrastructure data from 160 Indigenous villages, sourced from official databases. The review also incorporated thematic mapping and epidemiological data on waterborne diseases, notably acute diarrheal disease (ADD). The results show that only 10% of villages have both water supply systems and sanitary modules, while 30% of the Indigenous population lacks treated water, violating PNASPI provisions. The persistence of high rates of waterborne diseases highlights policy failures and health inequities. The findings call for culturally sensitive, participatory governance models, improved sanitation infrastructure, and the integration of Indigenous knowledge to enhance water security and health outcomes in Indigenous territories.

Proposal for a new evaluation protocol for recyclable waste recovery units: an overview of the western region of the state of Paraná - Brazil

Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Brazil generates more than 81 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually, of which only approximately 30% is potentially recyclable. Despite this, only 3% of this overall amount is recovered, mainly due to the lack of adequate structures for sorting and recovering waste. This low utilization compromises the efficiency of selective collection, increases environmental impacts, and limits the socioeconomic inclusion of waste pickers. Given this scenario, this study aimed to develop a new evaluation protocol for Material Recovery Facility (MRF), based on qualitative and quantitative indicators to identify the quality of the MRFs. The protocol development steps included defining the objective; defining the criteria and indicators; defining the evaluation method; defining the sampling unit for protocol application; collecting data; and analyzing the results. The methodology involves the definition of 12 indicators: location, infrastructure, safety, environmental health, sustainable resources, waste pickers’ association/cooperative, regularization and licensing, protection, support infrastructure, materials and equipment, operational monitoring, accounting/income/benefits distributed in four categories: physical, environmental, technical-operational, and socioeconomic. The evaluation protocol was applied to 34 MRFs in the western region of Paraná in 2024, participants in the Waste Management Program of Itaipu Binacional. Out of the 34 MRFs, 44% were classified as excellent, and 56% were classified as good, meeting 76–96 and 56–74% of the indicators, respectively. Average efficiencies of 85, 77, 59, and 57% were observed for the technical-operational, physical, environmental, and socioeconomic categories, revealing that, even with adequate infrastructure, MRFs still require improvements related to health, sustainability, and the social development of their members. However, all MRFs presented high-quality indices (above 28 points), suggesting that the management of these units, especially those classified as excellent, is aligned with the best practices in the industry and has been efficient in managing recyclable waste. The results confirm that this new protocol is an effective tool for diagnosing, monitoring, and directing continuous improvement actions in MRFs, in addition to offering support in formulating public policies.

Climatic regionalization of the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region and its sociodemographic dynamics

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The history of the Brazilian Semi-Arid (BSA) region is intrinsically linked to extreme climatic variations, such as prolonged droughts and increasing aridity, which severely impact water security, food security, and socioeconomic stability in the region. The aim of this study was to develop a homoclimatic typology for the BSA by identifying homogeneous climatic profiles and associating them with sociodemographic dynamics. Meteorological data, including precipitation, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures, and wind speed, were obtained from the Brazilian Daily Weather Gridded Data, interpolated on a 0.1 × 0.1° grid, covering the period from 1961 to 2020. Additionally, 18 sociodemographic indicators from the 1991, 2000, and 2010 censuses, carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, such as infant mortality and urbanization rates, were analyzed. Through cluster analysis using the Ward method, four distinct climatic zones (BSA I, II, III, and IV) were identified. This approach enabled the integration of meteorological and sociodemographic variables, providing a more precise characterization of the region. The results revealed rising temperatures, intensifying droughts, and increased vulnerability in areas such as BSA III, characterized by severe aridity and limited infrastructure. Despite improvements in sociodemographic indicators, regional inequalities persist, underscoring the importance of examining age and sociodemographic characteristics within the identified clusters. This analysis aims to understand the population-specific characteristics of each profile and their relationship with existing vulnerabilities, enabling the identification of specific patterns and supporting the formulation of more targeted and effective public policies.

Sustainable University: challenges for integrating sustainability into the planning of Federal Institutes of Education in the Brazilian Amazon in relation to GreenMetric

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

A Sustainable University (SU) should utilize Environmental Management (EM) tools in its institutional routines, such as the UI GreenMetric World University Ranking (GM) as one of the sustainability assessment tools. It presents a global assessment methodology and is widely accepted; however, it does not consider the regional profiles of universities. The objective of this article was to propose guidelines for the Integration of Sustainability in Planning (ISP) of Federal Institutes (FIs) in the Brazilian Amazon in relation to EM. Seven FIs located in the Amazon Biome were compared, as well as their sectoral structures, institutional planning and sustainability documents, adherence to EM tools, and possible integration arrangements. In the field research, EM practices were evaluated. The results show that the seven FIs strive to align with the SU concept, but without systematization and network integration in the sense of union. It is concluded that Higher Education Institutions and FIs that possess a specific EM sector and EM tools demonstrate better sustainability performance. Among the analyzed Amazonian FIs, there is no participation in the GM, and their EM actions are not systemic, as they plan and execute specific actions, distancing themselves from the possibility of ISP. The ISP guidelines pointed out for FIs were the need to adapt institutional documents to encourage the development of actions in Integration Networks; adherence to the GM and the Environmental Agenda Program of the Public Administration (A3P); establishment of a physical EM sectoral channel; and benchmarking with FIs adhering to the GM.

Performance of orbital data and indirect models of evapotranspiration estimation in the agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Accurate estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) are essential for water management and agriculture, especially in data-scarce regions such as the Brazilian semi-arid. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of indirect empirical methods for determining ET₀, Hargreaves–Samani, solar radiation, and Jensen–Haise, together with the MOD16A2 remote sensing product and the BR-DWGD gridded dataset. The methodology consisted of an analysis based on observed data from the municipalities of Garanhuns, Surubim, and Caruaru, in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, using the Penman–Monteith FAO-56 model as the standard reference. The results indicated that the solar radiation method achieved the best performance across all three municipalities, being classified as “excellent” (c > 0.85) in every case. The Jensen–Haise and Hargreaves–Samani models also performed well, with classifications ranging from “very good” to “excellent”. In contrast, the MOD16A2 product showed limitations, with greater variability and lower accuracy among the evaluated sites. The BR-DWGD dataset, in turn, demonstrated strong performance, with low error margins and a high correlation with observed data. These results demonstrate that radiation- and temperature-based models are suitable for estimating ET₀ in the Agreste region, while also highlighting the need to improve remote sensing ET al algorithms in climatically heterogeneous environments.

Evaluation of the hydraulic performance of a permeable pavement built in the city of Recife-PE (Brazil)

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The increase in impervious surfaces in urban areas compromises the soil’s infiltration capacity and intensifies surface runoff, worsening environmental impacts, especially when associated with climate change. This study evaluated the implementation of a permeable pavement as a Nature-Based Solution (NbS) to promote more sustainable urban drainage. The intervention took place in the city of Recife, Brazil, in a previously impervious area where 840 m² of permeable pavement with interlocking concrete blocks was installed. The solution aimed to increase rainwater infiltration, reduce surface runoff, and mitigate local flooding. Geotechnical characterization and soil permeability tests were conducted at the site. The hydraulic performance was analyzed through monitoring of the water level inside the system, in conjunction with rainfall data collected between 2023 and 2024, as well as the determination of the permeability coefficients of the newly constructed pavement. The results indicated good infiltration capacity, with the system effectively managing rainfall volumes. Variations in the water level observed in the permeable pavement system were related to local precipitation, with no surface water accumulation recorded during the monitoring period. The NbS was able to manage several intense rainfall events, such as 122.8 mm (May 24, 2023) and 137.6 mm (June 15, 2024). The study contributes to the monitoring of NbS typologies in a tropical Brazilian city, highlighting the importance of experimental research and confirming the effectiveness of permeable pavement in the sustainable management of stormwater. This demonstrates its potential to mitigate flooding impacts in densely urbanized areas.

Density and temporal dynamics of macroplastics in an urban river, Central Brazil

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Macroplastic pollution in riverine systems is a growing concern, particularly in neotropical rivers draining urban and agricultural areas. These environments act as vectors for the transport and deposition of plastic waste, thereby compromising water quality and ecosystem services. This study assessed the influence of temporal variation (seasonal and intraseasonal), spatial variation (along the river stretch), source, and deposition site on the density of macroplastics (>3 cm) in the Meia Ponte River, Goiás, located in the upper section of the Paraná River basin, Central Brazil. Four sampling campaigns were conducted between 2023 and 2024 at three main channel points, covering areas upstream and downstream of the Goiânia metropolitan region. The macroplastics were visually identified and classified in situ by source and deposition site. Density was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests. A total of 2,024 items were recorded, yielding a total density of 40.4 items.m⁻². Significant differences were observed among the categories of seasonality, intraseasonality, and source (p<0.05). It is concluded that temporal variation (seasonal and intraseasonal) and source are the modulating factors of macroplastic dynamics in the sampled river.

Hybrid neural network for daily streamflow projection on a sub-seasonal timescale

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Forecasts of hydrological variables are extremely important for water resource management in regions that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and climate variability. The aim of this study was to develop a hybrid neural network capable of producing daily streamflow forecasts on a sub-seasonal scale. This hybrid neural network consists of an artificial neural network with inputs preprocessed by the wavelet transform (WANN). The WANN was tested in the Três Marias, Sobradinho, and Retiro Baixo reservoirs, located in the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB). The obtained results show that WANN was highly accurate in short-term forecasts (7–28 days); however, for long-term forecasts (35 and 42 days), there was a significant drop in performance, especially during the transition periods to the rainy season and in the dry months. The comparison between the performance metrics of the WANN forecasts and the National Electricity System Operator (ONS) operational models for the Três Marias, Sobradinho, and Retiro Baixo basins showed that WANN outperformed all these models. The results obtained show that WANN is a valuable tool for addressing the complex and dynamic challenges of hydrology, making it essential for decision-making on water resource management.

Bisphenol A Acute Toxicity to the Macroinvertebrate Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera, Chironomidae) and Sensitivity Analysis of the Species to BPA Analogs

Suzelei Rodgher, Driele Tavares, Maiconn Vinicius de Moraes — Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Due to concerns about the potential health risks associated with bisphenol A (BPA), several alternatives have been developed. The most common BPA analogs include bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the tropical macroinvertebrate Chironomus sancticaroli to BPA by performing acute toxicity tests. In addition, species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were constructed to compare the sensitivity of C. sancticaroli to different taxonomic groups when exposed to BPA, as well as to evaluate the sensitivity of varying freshwater organisms exposed to BPF and BPS, addressing the SSD analysis. The Predicted No-Effect-Concentrations (PNECs) values of bisphenols were calculated. The average value of the 48-h EC50 of BPA based on the measured concentration for the first instar larva of C. sancticaroli was 6.71 mg L⁻¹. The SSD curve of BPA demonstrated that C. sancticaroli presented an intermediate sensitivity to BPA when compared to two other chironomid species commonly used in toxicity tests. As demonstrated by PNECS values developed in the present study, the order of toxicity based on all species was BPA > BPF > BPS. This study highlights the need to expand data on the acute and chronic toxicity of BPA and its analogs for tropical freshwater biota to estimate potential effects of bisphenols.

Assessment of metal contamination in Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth (Bignoniaceae) pollen samples from urban environments

Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Urbanization profoundly alters ecosystems, introducing various pollutants, including metals, which degrade environmental quality and pose risks to biodiversity, notably affecting pollinators like bees. Pollen, collected by bees during foraging, can serve as a bioindicator for assessing urban environmental quality, as it accumulates airborne and soil-derived contaminants. Studying metal concentrations in urban pollen is therefore critical, not only for monitoring pollution levels but also for understanding the potential toxicological impacts on bee populations, whose health is intrinsically linked to the quality of their food resources. This study aimed to assess the level of metal contamination in pollen samples of Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth, a plant species commonly found in urban settings and frequently visited by bees for foraging. Pollen samples were collected in the urban area of Uberlândia, MG, in 2023. Using spatial analysis of the city, sampling locations with distinct Bee Environmental Quality Index (BEQI) classifications — low, medium, and very high environmental quality — were selected to investigate the influence of environmental quality on metal concentrations. For this purpose, pollen samples from T. stans flowers were collected and analyzed at the designated sites, and the concentrations of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg) were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Statistical analysis, including PERMANOVA, indicated no significant differences in overall metal profiles across locations with varying BEQI levels, suggesting widespread metal presence regardless of the perceived environmental quality for bees. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed a strong positive association among Fe, Cd, Cr, and Mn, suggesting common origins, while Ca and Cu showed a negative association. Our findings highlight that bees in urban areas are exposed to widespread metal contamination, even in environments classified as having very high BEQI.

Management of agricultural solid waste in the Brazilian semi-arid region: diagnosis and proposals for the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm — Brazil

Fri, 06 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The rising amount of solid waste in rural areas, especially from agro-pastoral activities, has raised concerns about environmentally sound and sustainable waste management. In this context, the Rafael Fernandes experimental farm (RFEF) aims to improve how it handles waste generated from its research activities. The study plans to systematically analyze waste management at RFEF, identify operational weaknesses and legal issues, and support proposals for technical improvements to the waste management system. The research included a review of relevant technical, scientific, and legal aspects; a qualitative diagnosis with illustrations; visits to agro-pastoral areas; photographic documentation of waste handling; and an assessment of environmental liabilities. The findings showed inefficiencies in the segregation and temporary containment of waste, notably the lack of proper containers and standardized labeling for waste types. There was also no clear schedule for internal waste collection and transportation, leading to material buildup in experimental zones. Additionally, issues were found in storing hazardous waste, such as pesticide packaging that failed to meet safety standards. These results emphasize the need to implement a solid waste management plan, provide ongoing staff training, and upgrade infrastructure to promote sustainable waste practices on the farm.

An empirical investigation on undergraduate students’ perception and assessment of sustainability education

Ferdous Ahmed, Adnan Chowdhury, Tamanna Siddiqua Ratna, Md. Sohel Rana — Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 remains one of the vital global priorities, and Bangladesh is no exception. A key pathway to meeting these goals lies in educating graduates in sustainability to ensure national and global development. The integration of sustainability knowledge into higher education has significantly facilitated the lifelong learning process. At the International University of Business, Agriculture, and Technology, sustainability-focused courses have been incorporated into the undergraduate curriculum since 2013, reflecting a long-standing institutional commitment to fostering sustainable development education in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess perceptions of sustainability and environmental practices among students on campus; thus, a multinomial logistic regression model was employed as the primary analytical tool. Findings revealed that 91.1% of students demonstrate a sufficient understanding of sustainability, and 93.9% agree that a sustainability-oriented approach positively influences them to change their lifestyles. However, 41.0% of respondents reported that they would participate in on-campus sustainability projects, while 47.8% strongly agreed, demonstrating a gap between awareness and active involvement. Lastly, this study suggests that increasing the number of undergraduate sustainability-focused courses offered by universities can enhance a country’s ability to promote sustainability-related projects. These improvements in education are likely to lead to an increase in the number of graduates who show greater concern for sustainability and are eager to become involved in environmental initiatives both on- and off-campus. Consequently, this aids in global and national endeavors to accomplish the SDGs by 2030.

Chemical characteristics of size-segregated particles from a brazilian coastal megacity

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Particulate matter (PM) size distribution samples were collected using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) in Rio de Janeiro between July and September 2016 during the Olympic and Paralympic periods, when there was an increase in tourist flow, changes in the local economy, modifications in traffic and pollution emission patterns. The samples were analyzed for elemental composition using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for organic and inorganic ions using ion chromatography, and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The data were processed, interpreted, and discussed through statistical analyses performed in R Language, including boxplots and Pearson correlation methodology. Results were categorized according to particle size: coarse, fine, ultrafine, and nano. Chloride dominated the coarse particulate matter (PMC; 18–3.2 μm), NO₂⁻ the fine fraction (PMF; 1.8–0.56 μm), and HCOO⁻ the ultrafine fraction (PMN; 320–56 nm). Ni, Pb, Sb, and V were enriched in PMN. Four- and five-ring PAHs were predominant across all particle size groups. The species present in the coarse fraction come from natural sources, while those in the fine fraction are of anthropogenic origin, mainly from the combustion of diesel and gasoline by vehicle engines.

Hot spots and their climatic, environmental, and social determinants in the Cuiabá River Headwaters Environmental Protection Area, Brazil

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -0300

The State Environmental Protection Area of the Cuiabá River Headwaters, located in the Cerrado biome, experiences recurrent wildfires that threaten its ecological integrity. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of fire activity between 2010 and 2019, focusing on the relationship between climatic variables and the occurrence of hot spots. Data on hot spots were sourced from the fire database of the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research, while climate variables — precipitation, air temperature, and relative humidity — were obtained from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology database. Monthly fire activity was statistically correlated with climatic conditions using Spearman’s correlation, and the number of consecutive dry days was calculated to assess drought severity. The results revealed a significant increase in hot spot density during the dry season (August to October), strongly associated with low precipitation, high temperatures, and critically low relative humidity. Among these variables, relative humidity showed the strongest and most consistent correlation with fire incidence, evidencing its role as an immediate meteorological trigger. Spatial analysis using kernel density estimation confirmed the concentration of fire activity in areas with recent land use changes, particularly agricultural expansion zones. These findings highlight the role of compound drought–fire dynamics in shaping fire regimes in the Cerrado and support the adoption of climate-informed fire management strategies to reduce wildfire risk in protected areas.

Anthropogenic impacts on water quality in southern Brazil: a multidimensional analysis of tributaries and the Chavantes reservoir

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -0300

Freshwater is a vital resource, and its quality is critical for both human and environmental health. This study evaluated physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water from the Chavantes Reservoir, upstream tributaries to the reservoir, and downstream sites in the Paranapanema River and in its downstream tributaries, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli. The results showed that variables such as temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solids remained within the limits established by Brazil’s Environment Council (CONAMA) Resolution 357/2005 and Minister’s Office/ Ministry of Health (GM/MS) Ordinance 888/2021. In contrast, thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli exceeded the permitted values in several tributaries upstream. A strong correlation was observed between turbidity and coliforms, indicating fecal pollution sources related to the lack of sanitation and inadequate waste management. Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed the presence of tetracycline- and gentamicin-resistant genes in E. coli strains, highlighting the impacts of agricultural activities and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Principal component analysis indicated greater dispersion among the upstream tributaries, reflecting high variability, while reservoir samples exhibited lower microbiological contamination, suggesting a dilution effect. These findings reinforce the need for continuous monitoring, riparian zone restoration, and the implementation of integrated sanitation and environmental management strategies. This study contributes to understanding anthropogenic impacts on water resources and supports public policies aimed at conserving water quality in the Chavantes Reservoir region.