Assessing the drought in the state of Ceará - Brazil: the relationship between drought, trophic state index, and anthropogenic pressure

Jefferson Hannover Faustino Magalhães; Francisco Judivan Celestino de Sousa; Carlos Eduardo Sousa Lima; Cleiton da Silva Silveira

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782111

Autores

Jefferson Hannover Faustino Magalhães Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-3885
Francisco Judivan Celestino de Sousa Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0843
Carlos Eduardo Sousa Lima Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-3382
Cleiton da Silva Silveira Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-5157

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782111

Palavras-chave:

índice de seca; qualidade da água; uso e ocupação do solo; demanda hídrica.

Resumo

O presente estudo abordou os efeitos da escassez hídrica na deterioração da qualidade da água em 155 reservatórios localizados no Estado do Ceará – Brasil, utilizando o Índice de Seca (SPI, standardized precipitation index) calculado para escalas temporais de acumulação de 3, 6, e 12 meses. Com base nisso, foi realizada uma comparação com as variações no índice do estado trófico desses reservatórios entre 2008 e 2021. O estudo apontou a ocorrência de uma intensa sequência de eventos de seca entre 2012 e 2018, destacando o ano de 2013, quando o SPI assumiu um valor de -2.43, caracterizando um ano extremamente seco. Além disso, nesse período, a quantidade de água armazenada pelos reservatórios do estado atingiu apenas 8% da capacidade total de armazenamento, com a existência de barragens eutróficas e hiper-eutróficas passando a compor 68% do total em 2016. Nesse contexto, observou-se que, durante a transição de um período seco para um período úmido, o índice do estado trófico médio dos reservatórios tendeu a aumentar, passando de 62,1 (2008–2012) para 65,1 (2013–2017), antes de reduzir para 61,5 com o retorno do período úmido (2018–2021). Adicionalmente, para avaliar a influência das atividades humanas na qualidade da água, foram analisados dados de uso e ocupação do solo de três bacias hidrográficas do Ceará. Observou-se que a bacia com a maior área ocupada por atividades agrícolas apresentou os aumentos mais significativos nas concentrações de fósforo total e clorofila-a.

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