Anti-inflammatory drugs analysis in a wastewater sewage treatment plant and surface water in semiarid climate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781629Palavras-chave:
efluentes domésticos, medicamentos, tratamento de efluentes, qualidade de água, rios urbanos, contaminantes emergentesResumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a presença de quatro moléculas comuns (diclofenaco — DC, dipirona — DP, ibuprofeno — IBU e paracetamol — PAR) no rio Ipojuca, no trecho do município de Caruaru (Brasil), e em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) que despeja água tratada no rio. Foram realizadas coletas mensais, por três meses, para cada ponto durante os meses de abril, maio e junho. As amostras foram coletadas em três repetições (amostra, réplica e triplicata). Por meio da correlação de Pearson, verificou-se também a correlação entre a concentração dos fármacos e a pluviometria da região. DC e IBU foram detectados em 100% das amostras, com concentrações de 7,4–548,2 e 81,8–231,8 μg.L-1, respectivamente. PAR e DP não foram detectados. As altas concentrações observadas devem-se ao alto consumo de fármacos e ao baixo índice de coleta de esgoto no município. Ambos os medicamentos analisados (IBU e DC) tiveram resultados de correlação insignificantes com a precipitação (-0,022 e -0,071, respectivamente). Com relação aos medicamentos na ETE, o tratamento em questão, constituído por lagoas anaeróbicas seguidas de aeradas, apresentou eficiência variando de 35,9 a 93,6% na remoção de DC. A remoção do IBU foi alta no mês de abril (86,6%), mas nos outros dois meses não se mostrou eficiente, demonstrando a necessidade de implantação de tecnologias mais adaptadas na retirada de drogas, aliada à ampliação da rede de coleta de esgoto na região. Um estudo com maior tempo de monitoramento é recomendado para compreender o efeito das chuvas na concentração dos fármacos no rio.
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