Spatial and seasonal variation in pollution from pharmaceuticals and personal care products and the ecological risks in the Upper Paraná River Basin – Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782466Palavras-chave:
compostos farmacêuticos; análises de risco; contaminantes em rios.Resumo
Tanto os produtos farmacêuticos quanto os de higiene pessoal (PFHP) contaminam as águas dos rios no Brasil. Para determinar a extensão dessa contaminação em rios e seus afluentes em importantes bacias hidrográficas no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, centro-oeste brasileiro, o presente estudo avaliou a distribuição de PFPHP nesses cursos d’água e analisou os riscos ecológicos (ARE) dessas águas. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de água de quatro bacias hidrográficas e suas sub-bacias, todas localizadas na parte sul do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. As concentrações de PFHP foram quantificadas junto com avaliações das características físico-químicas in situ da água. A ARE foi avaliada por meio do quociente de risco (QR) com base na concentração máxima medida de medicamentos nas amostras. A relação entre as concentrações de PFHP em amostras aquosas foi analisada para verificar a distribuição desses medicamentos no meio ambiente. As concentrações mais altas de PFPHP envolveram cafeína, especialmente durante a estação seca, indicando uma rota intensa de contaminação nos locais amostrados. Entre outros compostos, compostos farmacêuticos como diclofenaco, ibuprofeno e naproxeno foram predominantes, especialmente durante a estação seca, embora em concentrações ligeiramente menores. Os resultados de QR mostraram que a maioria dos compostos investigados representa um risco toxicológico moderado a alto para o ecossistema aquático. Esses resultados sugerem que PFHP são amplamente distribuídos na área estudada e fornecem uma referência para comparação, ou seja, um risco de risco elevado.
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