Critical success factors for the effective management of construction waste: a study in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782316Palavras-chave:
construção; impacto ambiental; práticas sustentáveis; gestão de resíduos.Resumo
A construção civil é um dos principais contribuidores para o desenvolvimento de países em crescimento. No entanto, produz impactos ambientais negativos, como o consumo significativo de recursos naturais e é o setor que mais gera resíduos no mundo. Alguns autores argumentam que isso pode ser minimizado com a implementação de práticas eficazes de gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil (GRCC) nos canteiros de obras, e uma boa estratégia para definir essas práticas é a aplicação do método dos fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS), pois este método ajuda a reduzir a complexidade das tarefas de gestão. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os FCS para aprimorar a GRCC nos canteiros de obras do município de Natal/RN (Brasil). O método foi aplicado em cinco etapas, incluindo a revisão da literatura, a aplicação do questionário, o cálculo dos resultados do questionário, a definição do FCS e a interpretação do FCS com a ajuda de entrevistas. No total, com base nos 19 fatores de sucesso selecionados na revisão, 13 FCS foram definidos com base na análise quantitativa. Os três primeiros fatores foram os seguintes: FCS1 — Desenvolver e aplicar o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Construção no local da construção; FCS2 — Incentivar a redução de resíduos de construção; e FCS3 — Descartar os resíduos de construção gerados em locais legalmente autorizados ou recicladores/cooperativas. As partes interessadas do setor na cidade investigada neste estudo dispõem de mecanismos para implantar efetivamente as práticas de GRCC em seus canteiros de obras, que, por meio de medidas voltadas para a gestão de GRCC, contribuirão para a minimização da geração de resíduos em Natal/RN.
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