Resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains in micro-basins with different soil use and occupation, in the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Ubiratan Alegransi Bones; Genesio Mario da Rosa; Kauane Andressa Flach; Jefferson Alves da Costa Junior; Nelson Emanoel Freitas Endres

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782175

Autores

Ubiratan Alegransi Bones Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-5686
Genesio Mario da Rosa Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-2286
Kauane Andressa Flach Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-3289
Jefferson Alves da Costa Junior Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-3930
Nelson Emanoel Freitas Endres Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0574-1267

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782175

Palavras-chave:

resistência bacteriana; contaminação da água; efluentes sanitários.

Resumo

Escherichia coli, um microrganismo altamente adaptativo, tem ganhado interesse científico devido à sua rápida mutação e resistência a tratamentos antimicrobianos. As fontes primárias que contribuem para sua rápida disseminação e surgimento de infecções permanecem muito debatidas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi de prover uma linha de base, como o primeiro estudo na região que analisa a qualidade microbiológica da água em microbacias com diferentes características de uso e ocupação do solo. Com o intuito de identificar se há resistência nas cepas isoladas de E. coli e quais suas possíveis origens, o estudo fornece um modelo do comportamento da área estudada. Para tanto, foram realizadas três campanhas de amostragem, das quais esses microrganismos foram isolados e identificados por reação em cadeia da polimerase, sendo posteriormente submetidos a testes de suscetibilidade com nove antibacterianos amplamente utilizados no tratamento de infecções causadas por essa espécie bacteriana. Osresultados revelaram que a bacia hidrográfica receptora de efluentes sanitários urbanos apresentou os maiores níveis de contaminação, com cepas multirresistentes persistentes durante todo o período de coleta. Entre todas as cepas, 80% foram resistentes à ampicilina, enquanto 33,3% mostraram resistência à cefazolina. Levofloxacino foi o antibiótico mais eficaz, com 100% de suscetibilidade. Microbacias com atividades agrícolas e de pastagem predominantes demonstraram menos resistência do que áreas impactadas por áreas urbanas. Isso destaca a necessidade urgente de monitoramento constante e mais estudos para descobrir os principais determinantes deste urgente problema ecológico e de saúde pública.

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