Mercury in piscivorous and detritivorous fish from the Teles Pires River basin, Southern Amazon

Liliane Stedile de Matos; Daniele Kasper; João Otávio Santos Silva; Lucélia Nobre Carvalho

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782144

Autores

Liliane Stedile de Matos Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-7097
Daniele Kasper Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-1327
João Otávio Santos Silva Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-0058
Lucélia Nobre Carvalho Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-0165

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782144

Palavras-chave:

bacia do rio Tapajós; bioacumulação; biomagnificação; contaminação; risco ambiental.

Resumo

O acúmulo de mercúrio em peixes pode ser diferente entre as espécies que vivem no mesmo corpo hídrico, e tais diferenças podem estar relacionadas ao ciclo de vida, hábitos alimentares e sua posição na cadeia trófica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as concentrações de mercúrio total (THg) no músculo, fígado, rins e brânquias do peixe detritívoro Prochilodus nigricans, e dos piscívoros: Cichla mirianae, Hydrolycus armatus e Hydrolycus tatauaia da bacia do Teles Pires. As coletas foram realizadas em setembro de 2015 (seca) e maio de 2017 (vazante). As concentrações de THg no P. nigricans da bacia do Teles Pires (1,05±1,24 mg.kg^-1) e C. mirianae do rio Peixoto (0,46±0,26 mg.kg^-1) foram significativamente maiores no fígado do que nos demais tecidos analisados; para as demais espécies, as concentrações no fígado e rins foram similares. As concentrações de THg no músculo foram significativamente mais elevadas (p=0,0002) nos piscívoros (H. armatus 0,30 mg.kg^-1; H. tatauaia 0,18 mg.kg^-1; C. mirianae no rio Teles Pires 0,17 mg.kg^-1 e no rio Peixoto 0,21 mg.kg^-1) do que no detritívoro (P. nigricans na bacia do Teles Pires 0,05 mg.kg^-1), o que era esperado pela biomagnificação do mercúrio. A grande maioria dos exemplares apresentaram concentrações de THg no músculo abaixo do permitido para consumo humano pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, mas considerando que a região tem um alto consumo de pescado, a ingestão diária de mercúrio ultrapassa o limite. O peixe detritívoro P. nigricans apresentou as menores concentrações de THg no músculo, portanto, pode ser preferencialmente consumido pela população em geral, especialmente por grupos sensíveis (lactantes, lactentes e crianças) e consumidores frequentes como indígenas e ribeirinhos.

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