Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity and pressurized-liquid extraction for obtaining bioactive compounds from Solanum viarum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782070Palavras-chave:
substâncias ativas; alcaloides pirrolizidínicos; metabólitos secundários vegetais; extratos vegetais.Resumo
A biodiversidade brasileira é considerada fonte de substâncias bioativas, e uma das espécies encontradas é a Solanum viarum Dunal, que é composta, principalmente, por alcaloides pirrolizidínicos. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar duas técnicas de extração não convencionais — micro-ondas de hidrodifusão e gravidade (MHG) e extração em líquido pressurizado (ELP) — na obtenção de compostos bioativos de S. viarum. Foram examinados diferentes parâmetros que influenciaram diretamente o rendimento e a composição química dos extratos. Para ELP, foram avaliadas a porcentagem de etanol e a temperatura sobre os rendimentos e composição. Para MHG, temperatura e pressão foram avaliadas nas mesmas respostas. O ELP apresentou o maior rendimento de extrato (26,11% em peso) e concentração de compostos bioativos, enquanto o maior rendimento de extrato de MHG foi de 1,68% em peso. Ambas as técnicas indicaram eficiência na extração de integerrimina, senecionina e ácido quínico. Conhecer os compostos presentes nas plantas utilizando diferentes métodos extrativos possibilita o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que abordem seu possível potencial no futuro.
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