Assessment of genotoxicity biomarkers in neotropical fish species from streams of the Ivinhema River basin located in sugarcane cultivation areas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781971Palavras-chave:
micronúcleos; alterações nucleares; alterações citoplasmáticas; Astyanax lacustrisResumo
A bacia do rio Ivinhema tem experimentado a maior expansão do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A avaliação da qualidade da água por meio de parâmetros físicos e químicos e estudos ecotoxicológicos, empregando tanto bioindicadores coletados in situ quanto testes laboratoriais, fornecem resultados mais robustos para essa região. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição e a estrutura da paisagem ao redor dos pontos de amostragem localizados em três córregos (Vitória, Rosário e Piravevê) pertencentes à bacia do Rio Ivinhema, para avaliar os impactos da expansão do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na qualidade da água e avaliar biomarcadores de genotoxicidade tanto in situquanto ex situ, utilizando espécies de peixes nativos. Nos pontos de amostragem localizados nos córregos Rosário e Vitória, a cana-de-açúcar é o principal uso da terra, enquanto no córrego Piravevê, as áreas de pastagem representam o principal uso da terra. O pH ácido observado nos córregos Vitória e Rosário parece estar relacionado à aplicação de fertilizantes e à fertirrigação na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Duas espécies de peixes detritívoros e cinco de peixes onívoros foram coletadas. Foi identificada uma maior frequência de danos genotóxicos nas espécies de peixes detritívoros. Nos testes de genotoxicidade com Astyanax lacustris, a alteração nuclear mais frequente induzida pelas amostras de água de todos os pontos de amostragem foi a invaginação nuclear. Nossos resultados indicam que a expansão da cultura de cana-de-açúcar na bacia do Rio Ivinhema pode causar impactos negativos no ambiente aquático e na biota nativa. Esses resultados contribuem para a geração de dados e informações que podem ser usadas em pedidos de audiências públicas que visam discutir e revisar vários aspectos da legislação sobre atividades agrícolas ao redor dos córregos, bem como a necessidade de programas de restauração e manejo nessas áreas para conservar a biodiversidade.
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