Variabilidade do perfil vertical de monóxido de carbono sobre a Região Metropolitana de Manaus e sua relação com a queima de biomassa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781534Palavras-chave:
monóxido de carbono; queimadas; variabilidade climática; Amazônia; sensoriamento remoto; transformada de ondeletaResumo
O presente estudo analisa a variabilidade temporal do gás monóxido de carbono (CO) sobre a Região Metropolitana de Manaus (RMM) e sua relação com as queimadas com base em informações obtidas pelo satélite ambiental AQUA, para o período entre 2003 e 2020. Para tal, foram realizadas análises de transformada de ondeleta e análises de coerência e fase da ondeleta. Os resultados apontam para um comportamento sazonal bem definido, com aumento das concentrações médias de CO durante a estação seca e redução na estação chuvosa. As escalas semianual e anual representam cerca de 95% da variabilidade temporal do CO na baixa troposfera (500 a 1.000 hPa) e estão associadas à dinâmica das chuvas e queimadas na região. Com relação à variabilidade interanual, observaram-se múltiplas escalas de variabilidade (1,2–2, 2,5–3 e 4,5–6 anos), que explicam juntas em torno de 10–15 % da variabilidade das concentrações próximas à superfície. Os resultados sugerem que variações climáticas, associadas às variações da temperatura da superfície do mar nos oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico tropicais, nessas diferentes escalas de tempo, afetam a dinâmica das chuvas e, consequentemente, as queimadas e a concentração de CO. Especificamente em 2015/16, o efeito combinado das diferentes escalas de variabilidade atuou para prolongar o período seco sobre a região, o que contribuiu para o aumento das queimadas e para que o CO alcançasse maiores valores em relação aos anos anteriores. Tais resultados mostram um aspecto novo sobre a importância de avaliar o efeito combinado de diferentes escalas de variabilidade climática nas concentrações de CO na atmosfera, particularmente em anos extremos.
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