PM2.5 removal by urban trees in areas with different forestry conditions in São Paulo using a big-leaf modeling approach

Christianne Nascimento Brito; Luciana Varanda Rizzo

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94781458

Autores

Christianne Nascimento Brito Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-7008
Luciana Varanda Rizzo Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-6997

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781458

Palavras-chave:

qualidade do ar; serviços ecossistêmicos; material particulado fino; infraestrutura verde; arborização urbana.

Resumo

A poluição do ar é um dos problemas ambientais mais proeminentes em megacidades como a área metropolitana de São Paulo (AMSP). Árvores podem contribuir para a mitigação da poluição do ar proporcionando superfície para a deposição de partículas e gases traço. Para melhor aproveitar esse serviço ambiental e planejar futuras infraestruturas verdes, é fundamental estimar as taxas de remoção de poluentes por árvores. Pela primeira vez em uma cidade brasileira, foi quantificada a taxa de remoção anual de material particulado fino (MP_2,5) por árvores urbanas. Para isso, foi utilizado o modelo i-Tree Eco, do tipo “folha grande”. Como entrada, foram utilizados dados dendrométricos locais, de concentração de MP_2,5 e de variáveis meteorológicas. As taxas de remoção de MP_2,5 variaram entre 0,06 e 0,21 g/m²/ano em três áreas de estudo com condições de arborização contrastantes. A vizinhança com maior cobertura de dossel e diversidade de espécies arbóreas apresentou a maior taxa de remoção. O caráter perene da floresta urbana na AMSP pode ter contribuído para as taxas de remoção relativamente altas em comparação com outras cidades do mundo. A remoção foi maior no verão; a precipitação restringiu a ressuspensão de partículas para a atmosfera. Extrapolando-se os resultados para toda a área metropolitana, supondo condições de arborização homogêneas, verificou-se que a remoção de MP_2,5 pela vegetação poderia compensar as emissões veiculares desse poluente, demonstrando o potencial de remoção de poluentes pela floresta urbana na AMSP. Os resultados ilustram a contribuição das árvores urbanas para a melhoria da qualidade do ar e podem impulsionar políticas públicas de arborização na AMSP.

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