Intemperismo natural de compósitos desenvolvidos com o uso de amido termoplástico com resíduo de celulose e papel pós-consumo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781350Palavras-chave:
degradação ambiental; resíduos sólidos; tape-casting; amido termoplástico.Resumo
O desenvolvimento de materiais facilmente degradáveis ao fim da vida útil auxilia na redução do volume de resíduos sólidos dispostos nos aterros sanitários. Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir compósitos com o uso de resíduos de celulose e papel como fibras de reforço e amido termoplástico (TPS) como matriz, de modo a analisar o efeito da exposição ao intemperismo natural em ambientes distintos de duas universidades no Brasil (Universidade Feevale) e na Finlândia (Häme University of Applied Sciences — HAMK). No período de realização do ensaio, a estação no Brasil era verão, com elevadas temperaturas e radiação solar; já na Finlândia a estação era inverno, com temperaturas negativas, elevada umidade do ar e incidência de neve. Os materiais foram elaborados por meio do método tape-casting e caracterizados por análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) e análise termogravimétrica (TGA), tendo sido submetidos às intempéries por 0, 28 e 42 dias na Universidade Feevale e na HAMK e, ao fim de cada período, foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e fotografias. Os resultados mostraram que a estabilidade térmica dos compósitos foi melhor em comparação a seus componentes individuais, e propriedades mecânicas superiores foram apresentadas pelo compósito à base de celulose. Assim, misturas heterogêneas surgiram com a adição de fibras à matriz polimérica. Após a exposição ambiental, a visualização das micrografias e fotografias revelou que as amostras expostas nos dois ambientes ficaram quebradiças, encolhidas, amareladas e apresentaram fissuras. Verificou-se, também, que as amostras expostas na Universidade Feevale sofreram maior degradação ambiental, e a incorporação das fibras nos compósitos retardou esse efeito nos dois pontos de estudo.
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