Avaliando a economia circular nas indústrias brasileiras pelo processo de hierarquia analítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781277Palavras-chave:
índice de circularidade; níveis de circularidade; medição da circularidade; desenvolvimento sustentável.Resumo
O desenvolvimento sustentável tem sido buscado por organizações em todo o mundo desde que as questões ambientais e sociais entraram nas agendas institucionais. Nos diversos setores da economia, os fatores que influenciam as decisões sustentáveis são multidisciplinares, sistêmicos e abordam o conceito de economia circular (EC). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para medir o nível de comprometimento de empresas e setores com a EC. O método permite investigar fatores institucionais relacionados ao desenvolvimento sustentável e avaliar a profundidade das práticas de EC. Foi gerado um índice de circularidade que pode auxiliar os tomadores de decisão no desenvolvimento de estratégias, planos de investimento e políticas específicas capazes de orientar as organizações para o alcance da EC. A metodologia proposta foi então aplicada a 75 empresas brasileiras reconhecidas por suas iniciativas de sustentabilidade, analisando-se as práticas relacionadas às ações de EC, bem como sua profundidade. Os resultados, utilizando o Processo Analítico Hierárquico (PAH), mostram que os setores analisados não apresentam diferença significativa entre si, e que a maioria das empresas analisadas (80%) não pratica ação circular alguma, apesar de afirmar o contrário. Sendo assim, a EC ainda é incipiente no país. A aplicação do método proposto em uma grande amostra mostrou seu potencial de uso global, podendo também ser empregada para orientar ações de empresas isoladas ou de setores inteiros na direção do desenvolvimento sustentável, por meio da EC.
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