The Does the compost barn system bedding as a source of organic fertilizer cause toxicity in soil invertebrates?

Edpool Rocha Silva; Tamires Rodrigues dos Reis; Vicente Flores Motta Schneider; Dilmar Baretta; Renan de Souza Rezende; Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche-Baretta

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94781854

Authors

Edpool Rocha Silva Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-4790
Tamires Rodrigues dos Reis Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-2396
Vicente Flores Motta Schneider Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0700-052X
Dilmar Baretta Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-1362
Renan de Souza Rezende Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-0863
Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche-Baretta Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1517

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781854

Keywords:

animal bedding; E. andrei; F. candida; terrestrial ecotoxicology.

Abstract

Modernizing dairy cattle farming techniques promotes a gradual shift from traditional pasture-based systems to confinement with higher investments in animal comfort and welfare, such as the compost barn system (CBS). In this method, animals generate composted waste in the barn itself, on the bedding where they are housed, which is of high fertilizing potential, and whose subsequent application to soils can affect the functionality of edaphic organisms. The study aimed to evaluate the toxicity on edaphic organisms (Folsomia candidaand Eisenia andrei) of increasing doses of CB bedding applied to two soils with different textural characteristics. Ecotoxicological tests were standardized following the recommendations of ISO 11268-1 and 11268-2 for earthworms, and ISO 11267 for springtails. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications, with the treatments being CB bedding doses (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 t of waste ha-¹). Data were subjected to normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and variance homogeneity (Levene) tests, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc comparisons using the Dunnett test (p<0.05). Still, no significant difference was found between treatments. The tested doses of CB bedding as organic fertilizer showed no acute or chronic toxicity in the two organisms studied (E. andrei and F. candida) in both soils Oxisol and Entisol Quartzipsamments. The proportional increase in dose promoted the growth of earthworm body mass and stimulated reproduction, as found in springtails. Thus, it is concluded that doses of up to 30 t ha^-1 of CB bedding do not have acute and chronic toxicity effects on earthworms and springtails in Oxisol and Entisol Quartzipsamments. The greater sensitivity of chronic assays with these organisms shows a positive impact of the applied doses, promoting increased reproduction of these organisms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Andrade, R.R.; Tinôco I.F.F.; Damasceno, F.A.; Ferraz, G.A.E.S; Freitas, L.C.D.S.R.; Ferreira, C.F.S; Barbari, M.; Baptista, F.J.F.; Coelho, D.J.R., 2022. Spatial distribution of bed variables, animal welfare indicators, and milk production in a closed compost-bedded pack barn with a negative tunnel ventilation system. Journal of Thermal Biology, v. 105, 103111. https://10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103111.

Belinato, L.D.C.; Kraft. E.; Solivo, R.; Oliveira, P.A.; Spagnollo, E.; Baretta, D.; Maluche-Baretta, C.R.D., 2020. Multivariate tools for evaluating the use of organic fertilizers on soil microbial properties and maize yield. Journal of Agricultural Studies, v. 8 (3), 257-279. https://doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i3.16073.

Bewley, J.M.; Robertson, L.M.; Eckelkamp, E.A., 2017. A 100-Year Review: Lactating dairy cattle housing management. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 100 (12), 10418-10431. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13251.

Black, R.A.; Taraba, J.L.; Day, G.B.; Damasceno, F.A.; Bewlwy, J.M., 2013 Compost bedded pack dairy barn management, performance, and producer satisfaction. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 96, 8060-8074. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6778.

Bockheim, J.G.; Gennadiyev, A.N.; Hartemink, A.E.; Brevik, E.C., 2014. Soil-forming factors and Soil Taxonomy. Geoderma, v. 226, 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.02.016.

Bourgeois, T.P., Suffert, F., Dury, G., Biau, G., Lacoste, S., Prado, S., Dupont, J.; Salmon, S., 2023. Dietary preferences of Heteromurus nitidus (Collembola) among wheat fungal communities: Implications for bioregulation of two widespread pathogens. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 188, 104897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.104897.

Caldato, R.M.E.; Caldato. A.; Marcondes, I.M.; Rotta, P.P., 2020. Manual Técnico de Construção e Manejo de Compost barn para Vacas Leiteiras. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Pró- Reitoria de Extensão e Cultura, Divisão de Extensão.

Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo, 2016. Manual de adubação e calagem para os estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. 11. ed. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo - Núcleo Regional Sul, Porto Alegre.

Da Costa Soares, S.; Barizão, C.S.; Vezzani, F.M., Favaretto, N.; Cherobim, V.F.; Dieckow, J., Pauletti, V.; Barth, G., 2021. Biota of subtropical Oxisols under no-tillage with application of liquid cattle manure. Soil Research, v. 60 (4), 423-433. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR21130.

Dulazi, A.A.; Kukal, S.S.; Sharma, S.; Dhaliwal, J., 2023. Soil organic carbon and its labile pools as modulated by soil microbes under different land use practices in Typic Ustochrepts. Tropical Ecology, v. 64 (2), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-022-00257-7.

Galama, P.J.; Ouweltjes, W.; Endres, M.I.; Sprecher, J.R.; Leso, L., Kuipers, A.; Klopčič, M., 2020. Symposium review: Future of housing for dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 103 (6), 5759-5772. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17214.

Galloway, J.N.; Leach, A.M.; Erisman, J.W.; Bleeker, A., 2017. Nitrogen: the historical progression from ignorance to knowledge, with a view to future solutions. Soil Research, v. 55 (6), 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR16334.

Grunennvaldt, R.L.; Paungfoo-Lonhienne, C.; Trueman, S.J.; Gallart, M., 2022. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilisers and Paraburkholderia sp. SOS3 on growth and drought responses of the therapeutic-honey plant Leptospermum polygalifolium. Rhizosphere, v. 21, 100471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100471.

Guesine, G.D.; Silveira, R.M.F.; Da Silva, I.J.O., 2023. Physical and environmental characteristics of the compost barn system and its effects on the physical integrity, reproduction and milk production of dairy cattle: a scoping review. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, v. 11 (2), 2023010. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23010.

Hagner, M.; Pohjanlehto, I.; Nuutinen, V.; Setälä, H.; Velmala, S.; Vesterinen, E.; Pennanen, T.; Lemola, R.; Peltoniemi, K., 2023. Impacts of long-term organic production on soil fauna in boreal dairy and cereal farming. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 189, 104944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.104944.

Heinen, J.; Smith, M.E.; Taylor, A.; Bommarco, R., 2023. Combining organic fertilisation and perennial crops in the rotation enhances arthropod communities. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 349, 108461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108461.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1993. ISO 11268-1 – Soil quality – effects of popllutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) – Part 1: determination of acute toxicity using artificial soil substrate. Geneva, ISO.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1998. ISO-11268-2 – Soil quality–Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) – Pt 2: Method for the determination of effects on reproduction. Geneva, Switzerland.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1999. ISO 11267. Soil quality – inhibition of reproduction of collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants. Geneva, Switzerland.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2005. ISO 10390. Soil quality - determination of pH. Beuth-Verlag, Berlin.

Leso, L.; Barbari, M.; Lopes, M.A.; Damasceno, F.A.; Galama, P.; Taraba, J.L.; Kuipers, A., 2020. Invited review: compost-bedded pack barns for dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 103 (2), 1072-1099. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16864.

Li, Y.; Yang, X., Gao, W., Qiu, J.; Li, Y., 2020. Comparative study of vermicomposting of garden waste and cow dung using Eisenia fetida. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 27, 9646-9657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07667-x.

Liu, W.R.; Zeng, D.; She, L.;Su,W.X.; He, D.C.; Wu, G. Y.; Ma,X. R.; Jiang, S.; Jiang, C.H.; Ying, G.G., 2020. Comparisons of pollution characteristics, emission situations, and mass loads for heavy metals in the manures of different livestock and poultry in China. Science of the Total Environment, v. 734, 139023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139023.

Lopes, H.L.S.; Lima, D.C.; Sampaio, A.S.O.; Souto, L.S.; de Souza Pereira, A.C.; da Silva, A.M.; Maracajá, P.B., 2019. Crescimento inicial da cultura do rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.) submetida a níveis e fontes de fertilizantes orgânicos. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental, v. 13 (1), 19-24. ISSN 2317-3122.

Luo, J.; Liao, G.; Banerjee, S.; Gu, S.; Liang, J.; Guo, X.;Zhao, H.; Liang, Y.; Li, T., 2023. Long-term organic fertilization promotes the resilience of soil multifunctionality driven by bacterial communities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 177, 108922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108922.

Maccari, A.P.; Baretta, D.; Paiano, D.; Leston, S.; Freitas. A.; Ramos, F.; Sousa, J.P.; Filho, O.K., 2016. Ecotoxicological effects of pig manure on Folsomia candida in subtropical Brazilian soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 314, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.013.

Maccari, A.P.; Segat, J.C.; Testa, M.; Maluche-Baretta, C.R.D.; Baretta, D., 2020. The effect of composted and non-composted poultry litter on survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, v. 9 (1), 99. https://doi.org/10.30486/ijrowa2020.1885804.1012.

Mota, V.C.; Andrade, E.T. de; Leite, D.F., 2019. Bed temperature in compost barns turned with rotary hoe and offset disc harrow. Engenharia Agrícola, v. 39 (3), 280-287. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric. v39n3p280-287/2019.

Mousavi, H.; Cottis, T.; Pommeresche, R.; Dörsch, P.; Solberg, S.Ø., 2022. Plasma-treated nitrogen-enriched manure does not impose adverse effects on soil fauna feeding activity or springtails and earthworms abundance. Agronomy, v. 12 (10), 2314. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102314.

Oliveira Filho, L.C.I.; Baretta, D., 2016. Por que devemos nos importar com os colêmbolos edáficos? Scientia Agraria, v. 17 (2), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.5380/rsa.v17i2.48242.

Parkinson, D.; Visser, S.; Whittaker, J.B., 1979. Effects of collembolan grazing on fungal colonization of leaf litter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 11 (5), 529-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(79)90013-0.

Pilatti, J.A.; Vieira, F.M.C.; Rankrape, F.; Vismara, E.S., 2019. Diurnal behaviors and herd characteristics of dairy cows housed in a compost-bedded pack barn system under hot and humid conditions. Animal, v. 13 (2), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118001088.

Qaswar, M.; Jing, H., Ahmed, W.; Dongchu, L.; Shujun, L.; Lu, Z.; Cai, A.; Lisheng, L.; Yongmei, X.; Jusheng, G.; Huimin, Z., 2020. Yield sustainability, soil organic carbon sequestration and nutrients balance under long-term combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizers in acidic paddy soil. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 198, 104569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104569.

Rambaut, L.A.E.; Tillard, E.; Vayssières, J.; Lecomte, P.; Salgado, P., 2022. Trade-off between short and long-term effects of mineral, organic or mixed mineral-organic fertilisation on grass yield of tropical permanent grassland. European Journal of Agronomy, v. 141, 126635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126635.

Ribeiro, H.M., 2020. Mineralização-imobilização dos nutrientes vegetais presentes nos resíduos. UC Valorização Agronómica e Florestal de Resíduos e Bioprodutos, ISA, Portugal (Accessed March 01, 2023) at:. https://fenix.isa.ulisboa.pt/courses/vaer-846413499990882/programa.

Schubert, R.N.; Morselli; T.B.G.A.; Tonietto, S.M.; Henriquez, J.M.O.; Trecha, R.D.; Eid, R.P.; Lima, A.P.F., 2019. Macrofauna edáfica no processo de vermicompostagem de resíduos animais e vegetais. Brazilian Journal of Biology, v. 79 (4), 589-593. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.184765.

Segat, J.C.; Alves, P.R.; Baretta, D.; Cardoso, E.J., 2020. Ecotoxicological effects of swine manure on Folsomia candida in subtropical soils. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, v. 92, e20180758. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180758.

Segat, J.C.; Alves, P.R.L.; Baretta, D.; Cardoso, E.J.B.N., 2015. Ecotoxicological evaluation of swine manure disposal on tropical soils in Brazil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 122, 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.017.

Segat, J.C.; Baretta, D.; Oliveira Filho, L.C.I.; Sousa, J.P.; Klauberg Filho, O., 2019. Disentangling the effects of the aqueous matrix on the potential toxicity of liquid pig manure in sub-tropical soils under semi-field conditions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 168, 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.085.

Shane, E.M.; Endres, M.I.; Janni, K.A., 2010. Alternative bedding materials for compost bedded pack barns in Minnesota: a descriptive study. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 26 (3), 465-473. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.29952.

Silva, M.V.; Pandorfi, H.; de Almeida, G.L.P.; da Silva, R.A.B.; Morales, K.R.M.; Guiselini, C.; De Oliveira Júnior, J.F., 2023. Spatial modeling via geostatistics and infrared thermography of the skin temperature of dairy cows in a compost barn system in the Brazilian semiarid region. Smart Agricultural Technology, v. 3, 100078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2022.100078.

United States, 1999. Soil Taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. Agriculture Handbook, v. 436, 96-105.

Tedesco J.M.; Gianello, C.; Bissani, C.A.; Bohnem, H.; Volkweiss, S.J., 1995. Análise de solo, plantas e outros materiais. 2. ed. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. 174 p. (Boletim Técnico de Solos, 5).

Tomazi, C.V.; Gai, V.F., 2022. Produtividade de milho para silagem com utilização do Compost barn. Revista Cultivando o Saber, v. 15, 9-19.

van Eekeren, N.; de Boer, H.; Bloem, J.; Schouten, T.; Rutgers, M.; de Goede, R.; Brussaard, L., 2009. Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure slurries in comparison with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Biology and Fertility of Soils, v. 45, 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2.

Zortéa, T.; Dos Reis, T.R.; Serafini, S.; de Sousa, J.P.; da Silva, A.S.; Baretta, D., 2018. Ecotoxicological effect of fipronil and its metabolites on Folsomia candida in tropical soils. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, v. 62, 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.011.

Zortéa, T.; Segat, J.C.; Conte, R.A.; Barreta, D.A.; Silva, A.W.L.; Paulino, A.T.; Baretta, D., 2020. Effects of sheep manure in agricultural soils on the behavior of Folsomia candida and initial growth and development of Avena sativa. Brazilian Journal of Biology, v. 81, 1030-1035. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.234126.

Wilcox, D.; Dove, B.; McDavid, D.; Greer, D., 2002. Image Toll for Windows. 3.00. Texas: The University of Texas Health Science Center.