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Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais

Artigos

v. 59 (2024)

Microplastics in Brazilian coastal environments: a systematic review

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94781719
Enviado
30 agosto 2023
Publicado
19-07-2024

Resumo

Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo avaliar o cenário atual da pesquisa com microplásticos (MP) em ambientes costeiros brasileiros, considerando praias e também ambientes ainda não relatados em revisões anteriores, como estuários, manguezais e recifes. Cinco bases de dados foram consultadas, e foram selecionados 102 artigos sobre o tema, publicados entre 2018 e 2023. As instituições de ensino e pesquisa que mais publicaram nesse período foram da Região Sudeste (37,3% dos artigos), seguida da Região Nordeste (34,3%). Universidades dos estados do Rio de Janeiro (15,7%) e Pernambuco (15,7%) lideram o número de publicações, seguidas pelas de São Paulo (11,8%), Rio Grande do Sul (11,8%) e Espírito Santo (7,8%). Acerca dos ambientes costeiros estudados, 70% dos estudos avaliaram a presença de MP em praias, 26% em manguezais, 2% em estuários e 2% em recifes de corais. Estudos que avaliaram a sua presença na biota marinha corresponderam a 43% dos artigos, sedimento (42%) e água (14%). Os organismos mais estudados foram os peixes ósseos (42%), bivalves (17%), crustáceos (7%), aves marinhas (7%), tartarugas (7%) e microfauna (5%). Apesar de crescente, a distribuição das localidades dos estudos ainda é desigual e não relacionada à extensão de faixa litorânea de cada estado. Quanto à origem, os trabalhos compilados no presente estudo permitem inferir que as principais fontes de MP são o turismo, a pesca e a descarga de rios, enquanto a ação das ondas e ventos contribui para a dispersão dessas partículas para praias menos urbanizadas e localidades remotas.

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