Waste-derived hydrogels for pharmaceutical effluent treatment: a review of synthesis, modification, applications, and future perspectives

Danieli Brandler; Yago Vitório Colares Pinto; Bruna da Conceição Marques; Eduardo Pavan Korf; Gean Delise Leal Pasquali

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782943

Authors

Danieli Brandler Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-7331
Yago Vitório Colares Pinto Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4464-9752
Bruna da Conceição Marques Federal University of the Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7063-6092
Eduardo Pavan Korf Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-0173
Gean Delise Leal Pasquali Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-6532

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782943

Keywords:

waste-derived hydrogels; adsorption mechanisms; circular economy; adsorption of pharmaceuticals.

Abstract

The presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface water is a growing environmental concern due to their persistence and potential ecotoxicological impacts. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fail to effectively remove these contaminants, prompting research into innovative remediation technologies. In this context, hydrogels synthesized from agricultural and industrial residues have emerged as promising materials for the selective adsorption of pharmaceuticals. This systematic review addresses recent advancements in the synthesis and modification of waste-derived hydrogels, emphasizing their physicochemical properties, adsorption mechanisms, and removal efficiencies. The analysis reveals that, despite the abundance of research on the utilization of residual biomass, targeted applications for pharmaceutical removal are still limited. In terms of performance, waste-based hydrogels demonstrate high adsorption capacities. The predominant mechanisms are electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions. In conclusion, waste valorization significantly contributes to mitigating pharmaceutical pollution.

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