Application of response surface methodology in the optimization of the clarification and filtration system for the treatment of water from Açude Grande (PB), Brazil

Millena Dayse Barbosa da Silva; Amanda Gondim Cabral Quirino; Laís Montenegro Teixeira; Elisângela Maria Rodrigues Rocha; Larissa Granjeiro Lucena

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782411

Authors

Millena Dayse Barbosa da Silva Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-756X
Amanda Gondim Cabral Quirino Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-275X
Laís Montenegro Teixeira Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-5982
Elisângela Maria Rodrigues Rocha Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7024-6979
Larissa Granjeiro Lucena Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-4104

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782411

Abstract

The deterioration of the environmental quality of the Açude Grande waters has worsened the water availability in the city of Cajazeiras (Paraíba state, Brazil) during drought periods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate clarification followed by filtration to treat Açude Grande water. The research is innovative in applying optimization methods to conventional techniques for treating water sources considered unsuitable for human consumption in areas with limited water resources and economic and operational constraints. Thereby, the variables of aluminum sulfate concentration and pH were optimized based on the removal of turbidity and apparent color during the clarification stage (coagulation, flocculation, and decantation) using the central composite rotational design factorial plan associated with the response surface methodology. Subsequently, the filtration stage, consisting of a sand and gravel layer, was simulated at bench scale. The results showed that a coagulant dose of 60.0 mg.L-¹ and a pH of 6 achieved the best removal of turbidity (67.3%) and apparent color (78.1%), bringing the turbidity parameter within the limits of the Ministry of Health Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021. As for the filtration process, it showed good efficiency in removing turbidity (>77.0%), apparent color (>70.0%), and biochemical oxygen demand (>46.0%) compared to the post-clarification sample. It is concluded that conventional treatment can potentially adjust the investigated parameters to organoleptic potability standards, with pre-oxidation being suggested to enhance the removal of organic matter.

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